Estacas submetidas a esforços horizontais em solos colapsiveis do interior de São Paulo, nas condições natural, melhorada e inundada / Horizontally loaded piles in collapsible soils of the interior of the state of São Paulo, under the conditions of natural humidity, improved soil and pre-flooded soil

Gentil Miranda Junior

The problem with piles loaded horizontally at the top is frequently met in civil construction projects and there is a reduced bibliography on the parameters to be adopted in designoA more critical situation is that of horizontally loaded piles in high porosity, non saturated and collapsible soils. The objectives of this paper are: (1) produce subsidies for the design of foundations with horizontalloads, calling attention to the damaging effect of flooding on a collapsible soil; (2) supply values for the horizontal reaction coefficient ( n IND. h ) for the soil of the Experimental Field at Unicamp, for the conditions of natural humidity, pre-flooded soil, soil improved with soil-cement and pre-flooded soil-cement; (3) compare values of nh for the soils frequently found in the interior of the State of São Paulo and in other regions in Brazil; (4) propose an improvement in the conditions of the soil-pile system soils by changing the soil around the top of the pile for compacted soil-cement. To analyze this problem, twenty one horizontal loading tests were made in the Experimental Foundation Field at Feagri-Unicamp, on fourteen piles of four types, under the four soil conditions mentioned above. Other loading tests made in Experimental Fields in the State of São Paulo were analyzed, alI of them located in regions with surface soils with unfavorable characteristics for horizontal loading. The coefficients of horizontal soil reaction ( n IND. h ) for different soil conditions are compared, emphasizing the importance of obtaining regional soil parameters. The principal results found were, besides the values for the coefficient of horizontal reaction for the basalt soil at the location and the compilation of values for high porosity soils of other regions - encountering different values from °those proposed in literature - an accentuated reduction of nh (values around 40 times less) caused by the pre-flooding of the soil, the accentuated increase in n IND. h values (as a mean, 5 times greater) with the soil improvement by compacted soil-cement and the reduction in n IND. h with pre-flooding of the soilcement (mean values 7 times smaller). It is seen that the reduction due to pre-flooding of the soil-cement is much less than that for pre-flooding the soil at natural humidity. One concludes that in a project where horizontal forces act and in collapsible soil, one must count with the possibility of soil flooding, taking preventive measures against this and using adequate soil parameters or, adopt solutions for soil improvement, as by using compacted soil-cement around the pile head, a procedure which can also be adopted in cases of low surface soil resistance (collapsible soil or not)

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