Effects of bleaching agents of high concentration for treatment in office in microhardness, morphology and chemical composition of human enamel / Efeitos de agentes clareadores de alta concentração para tratamento em consultorio na microdureza, morfologia e composição quimica do esmalte humano

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Several studies have been concerned with the adverse effects produced by home applied and in-office bleaching treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of highconcentrated bleaching agents (35% hydrogen peroxide) on human enamel microhardness, chemical and structural composition. Sixty and five human third molars human were used. Two enamel blocks (4x4x3mm) were obtained from bucal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. The samples were divided in 10 groups (n=10). Before the bleaching treatment, samples were polished and submitted to microhardness test (Knoop) and Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FTRS) analysis in order to determine the concentration of phosphate (PO4) and carbonate (CO3) present the enamel. Control group (CG) was not submitted to the bleaching treatment. In the remaining experimental groups three different bleaching agents were used (Whiteness HP Maxx - W; Pola Office ? P and Opalescence Xtra - O) and three ways of irradiation (no light irradiation - N; irradiation with halogen light - HL and irradiation with LED + Diode Laser - L). After the treatments, the rinsing water solution was to evaluate the concentration of calcium, by means of atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. Afterwards, the samples were re-submitted to FTRS and to surface and cross-sectional microhardness measurement. Samples were observed in scanning electron microscopy to observe surface alterations and in polarized light microscopy to examine the effects of the bleaching techniques in the demineralization of the enamel. The average surface microhardness values microhardness ranged from 297.48±16.29 (O-N) to 317.86±9.62 (P-L) before the bleaching treatment and 260.94±17.17 (O-N) to 291.68±16.20 (W-HL) after bleaching. The mean values obtained after cross-sectional microhardness measurement ranged from 69.55±42.02 (O-L, 20µm) to 288.13±53.16 (CG, 80 µm). The phosphate concentration on enamel determined by means of FTRS ranged from 14.50±0.32 (O-N) to 14.90±0.28 (P-HL) before the treatment. After the treatment the phosphate concentration ranged from 14.24±0.72 (P-L) to 15.03±0.23 (P-HL). The concentration of carbonate present on treated enamel ranged from 3.60±0.52 (WHL) to 4.41±0.67 (P-N) before the treatment and after the treatment, the concentration varied from 3.69±0.29 (CG) to 4.41±0.13 (P-LH). The concentration of calcium in the rinsing water solution ranged from 0.32 (W-N) to 1.61 (O-L). The scanning electron microscopy showed that all groups presented morphologic alterations in the surface, except for the control group. The images obtained after polarized light microscopy showed that Whiteness without irradiation, with halogen light and LED/diode laser, Pola Office with LED/diode laser and Opalescence with halogen light and LED/diode laser presented demineralization. Alterations on enamel mineral content, significant decrease of enamel microhardness and calcium concentration, demineralization observed by means of polarized light microscopy and morphological alterations on enamel observed by means of scanning electron microscopy were observed in the present study. In conclusion, the use of the 35% hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent in clinical situations requires caution, since it may cause alterations on enamel structure as observed in the present study

ASSUNTO(S)

materiais dentarios tooth bleaching esmalte dentario dentes - clareamento dental materials dental enamel

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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