Efeitos de um treinamento em condições de dupla-tarefa sobre o desempenho motor e habilidade de dividir a atenção em pacientes com doença de Parkinson. / Effects of training in dual-task situations on the motor performance and the abillity to divide attention in subjects with Parkinsons Disease

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The Parkinsons Disease (PD) is one of the degenerative disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS) that has been greatly discussed both in clinical and experimental researches. Its major motor symptoms are tremors, rigidity or muscle stiffness, bradykinesia and postural instability. Not less important, subjects with PD may suffer from emotional changes and depression, as well impairment in the cognitive functions, such as memory and attention. As consequence of the last mentioned, subjects with PD have shown a significant difficulty in performing two tasks simultaneously, effect known as dual-task. Due to the great effort of these subjects in managing the attention into more than one task at the same time, the main procedure within physical therapy is training with external cues and attentional strategies, besides the approach to avoid dual-task situations. Based on our teams previous study (Okamoto,2007), which showed that it is possible to train attentional management, the present study matched the effects of two motor trainings performed with perceptual tasks of different complexities (visual and auditory distracters). Supposedly, these tasks performed together would demand more attentional resources and would impair the task performance in the: (1) steps task (alternating feet) evaluated separately and in dualtask condition; (2) both visual and auditory perceptual tasks; (3) neuropsychological and psychophysical tests, witch verifies the attentional control and; (4) gait itself. Forty three 2 subjects were divided in four groups that performed a step task (alternating feet) associated with visual and auditory tasks of different complexities, alternating on each block of training. The study was divided in two experiments, according with the complexity of the distractive tasks, and was carried out in two days, with a 48 hours interval, composed of 8 blocks of 100 steps each day. The results displayed that the training, disregarding its complexity, increased the outcomes of the: (1) motor task when tested separately or in addition with perceptual tasks; (2) perceptual tasks when tested separately or concurrently with the motor task; (3) attentional neuropsychological and psychophysical tests and; (4) gait speed when tested alone and concurrently with cognitive tasks, both in patients with PD and healthy elders. Therefore, this studys outcome implies that training on dual-task situation has been efficient to enhance the motor and cognitive deficits in patients with DP, being generalized to tasks that demand the same skills.

ASSUNTO(S)

parkinsons disease attention doença de parkinson motor performance rehabilitation reabilitação desempenho motor aged idosos atenção

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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