Efeito da adubação, coberturas vivas do solo e do controle na população de Corythaica cyathicollis (COSTA, 1864) (HEMIPTERA, TINGIDAE) em plantas de Solanum melongena (LINNEAUS, 1767) (SOLANACEAE) cultivadas em sistema convencional e orgânico. / Effect of the fertilization, soil lives coverings and of the control in the population of Corythaica cyathicollis (COSTA, 1864) (HEMIPTERA, TINGIDAE).in plants of Solanum melongena (LINNEAUS, 1767) (SOLANACEAE) cultivated in conventional and organic system

Sandra Regina da Silva Ventura

Solanum melongena L., eggplant, is a culture that has many problems, presenting itself as a hostess of diverse species of bacteria, fungi, mites and insects. The "chinch-bug", Corythaica cyathicollis (COSTA, 1864) is known to cause serious damage to the culture. The research was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) from August, 2004 to January, 2005, with three nitrogen levels: N0 (without N), N1 (60 kg N/ha), N2 (120 kg N/ha) and three potassium levels: K0 (without K), K1 (30 kg N/ha), K2 (60 kg N/ha). The results showed that the nitrogen levels influenced significantly in the productivity and the quality of the fruit. However, it there was not a significant difference between fruits of 1 and 2 categories, as well as mass and length of the fruit. The greatest occurrence of C. Cyathicollis species was observed when the plants had been fertilized with 120kg of N/ha, and the lesser occurrence in plants fertilized with 60 kg of N/ha. Nighttime presented the lesser occurrence of C. cyathicollis in the culture fertilized with 60 kg of N/ha, and the biggest frequency in plants that had received the fertilization with 120 Kg of N/ha. The lesser damage of C. Cyathicollis was observed in plants that had received the dosage N1 and K1 and the greatest damage was observed in plants with N1 and K0. In the Integrated System of Agroecological Production, located in Seropédica, RJ, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different doses of organic nitrogen (50, 100, 200 and 300 kg /ha), different soil coverings (grass and Arachis pintoi), conventional system and period of the day (morning, afternoon, evening) in the population of insects associated to the culture of S. melongena in system of organic fertilization. It was not verified in the interaction of the studied factors (doses of nitrogen, soil covering and in the period of the day). However, when cultivated in the conventional system, S. melongena, obtained a greater occurrence of insects (42,26%), and the least occurrence was observed when covering with grass (22,61 %). Relating to the nitrogen, there was a significant difference between the 50 doses kg N/ha and 300 kg N/ha, with 20, 92 and 29, 10 %, respectively. The least occurrence of C. cyathicollis was observed in the evening (27,66 %), significantly differing from morning (39,19 %). The effect of sulfocalcica syrups and of the neem oil I GO , in four concentrations, its application methods (contact and ingestion), in the control of the species C. cyathicollis (in the young and adult phases) in condition laboratory, showed a significant difference in the triple interaction analyzes of variance for the number of adult insects living after 72 hours. The use of 2% sulfocalcica syrup, for the contact method, was efficient in the control adults. The neem oil was efficient for nymphs, in low concentration, for the contact method.

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