Educação pós-operatória: construção e validação de uma tecnologia educativa para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática / Post-operative education: construction and validation of an educational technology for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery
AUTOR(ES)
Cristina Silva Sousa
FONTE
IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
13/12/2011
RESUMO
The orthognathic surgery consists of correcting dental facial deformities and aims to improve esthetical, functional and anatomical features of the structure of the patients face. Given the increased prevalence of this surgical modality and a lack of information available to patients undergoing this procedure, this study presents the construction and validation of educational material. The methodological trajectory involved five phases: integrative review on surgical complications; search on the internet on blogs and virtual communities of patients undergoing orthognathic surgeries aiming to know the population and its need of information; a focal group with patients undergoing the procedure to identify the need of perioperative education; experts information concerning guidance provided to patients; construction of educational material and validation of technical content by experts concerning the relevance and categories of validation of education material using the Delphi technique; clarity of content was validated with patients in the postoperative period. The results concerning knowledge of the population show the need to inform Internet users about doubts and fear related to the procedure, recovery, changes in facial esthetics, regret after the procedure. Patients exposed in the focal group the difficulties experienced given the facial edema and paresthesia, discussed time of surgery recovery, self-image issues, aesthetical results and suggested the most opportune time to provide the material. In the first round of the Delphi technique, experts cited guidance related to the perioperative period and the following stood out: oral care, paresthesia, facial edema, difficulty breathing and chewing, changes in voice and muscle movements after the surgery and liquid diet. The second round of the Delphi technique consisted of the evaluation of the educational material by experts: 38.2% (84) agreed and 61.3% (135) totally agreed with the instruments six categories. The material with the corrections suggested by the experts was submitted to evaluation in the third round of the Delphi technique and 30.9% (68) agreed and 68.6% totally agreed with it and this phase was completed. When the instrument was submitted to patients to evaluate understanding, 33.8% (176) agreed and 59.6% (310) totally agreed; no suggestions to change the text were suggested and this was considered the final version. The conclusion is that the construction of educational material is a process that involves professionals and the target public to achieve high levels of acceptance and adherence to material, which should be used as an adjuvant to guidance provided to patients.
ASSUNTO(S)
assistência perioperatória cirurgia ortognática educational and promotional materials enfermagem perioperatória internet internet materiais educativos e de divulgação orthognathic surgery perioperative care perioperative nursing
