Domestic and international trade of brazil and its macror regions: a test of the heckscher-ohlin theorem. / Comércio externo e interno do Brasil e das suas macrorregiões: um teste do teorema de Heckscher-Ohlin.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate, based on the trade procedures for the external and internal Brazilian trade, if the production especialization in Brazil and in macro-regions is according to the relative allotment of factors, or if there are other questions that explain the production localization. The theoritical basis came from Hecksscher-Ohlin, more specifically, from the assessment of the labor qualification and from the trade intra-industries.The theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin was confirmed for the 30 (thirty) kinds of external trade observed, at work, and it was noticed a similar behavior among the results obtained for Brazil, as a whole, and the ones obtained for its regions. In the trade evidenced among Brazil and regions of Asia, the United States, the European Union and the rest of the world, the allotment of factors establihed was the one of non-qualified labor. Considering Brazil’s trade and of the regions with MERCOSUL alone, it was noticed that Brazil and the regions offer relative abundant qualified labor. Regarding the results abtained from for the trade intra-industries, of the 30 outlinings for the external trade, only in three cases the intra-industry trade was not observed: in the Brazilian market, of the South and Southeast with the MERCOSUL. It can be suggested, then, that in the trade analyzed between Brazil and the macro-regions and their main business partners in the international market the trade intra-industries was observed in most cases, therefore, confirming the results verified in the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin. In the test analysis of the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin, carried out for the domestic market among ther egions in Brazil, it was noticed that the validity of the theorem was confirmed for four out of the five regions considered. Only between the Northeast and the other regions, the theorem was not evidenced. The Southeastern region was considered relately rich in qualified laborforce, whereas the other regions presented as relatively abundant in non-qualified labor. The intra-industry trade was only observed, in the domestic market among macro-regions, for the business relations of the Northeast and the Midlle-west. Based on the results obtained for the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin, it can be suggested that the different allotment of factors was an important determiner of the production especialization, in Brazil and in the regions, either for the domestic as for the international markets. The outlining of the intra-industry trade confirms the results observed of the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin, for almost all of the cases analyzed. It is worth pointing out that in the bibliographic review carried out in order to do this study it was not observed studies which had tested the validity of the theorem of Heckscher-Ohlin for the internal and external trade, considering the macro-regions. What was evidenced were the studies done considering Brazil as a whole. These regional tests were only possible to be carried out for the regions making use of the inter-regional model which was constituted by Guilhoto et al (2003), as well as of the detailed information about importation and exportation, published by the Ministery for the Development of the Industry and Commerce -MDIC- (Brasil, 2003) and by the microdata of the National Research by Domicile Sample – PNAD- (IBGE, 1999a).

ASSUNTO(S)

labor force. insumo-produto input-output brazilian economy economia [brasil] internal trade comércio interno mão de obra. comércio internacional regional economics international trade economia regional

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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