Dialetica e contingencia no ceticismo em David Hume / Hume s dialethical and skepticism
AUTOR(ES)
Maria Magdalena Cunha de Mendonça
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2007
RESUMO
This work examines the relevance of the humean critique regarding the critical analysis of the argument of design ( purpose) exposed in the text of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and its articulation with the author´s philosophical project. The object is to demonstrate that Hume´s reflection in regards to the natural religion does not confine itself to a kind of quarrel between theism and atheism, making clear the present intertwining between the refusal of the finalist reasoning and the critique to the theological and scientific determinism, in order to prove this scotch philosopher´s detachment from methaphysics, especially, from the philosophies of the sciences and the epistemology. The text of Dialogues of the Religion examines also the argumentative philosophical structure of the author with the purpose of determining the dialectic meaning and skeptical referential present in his comprehension and his singular utilization of style of dialogues and its rupture with the philosophical discourse of tradition, precisely platonic-aristotelian. In a second moment of this work, precisely on the third chapter, the major motivation consists of reaffirming the radical tone of the humean critique of the design in which it examines the articulation between the texts of the Dialogues of Natural Religion and of the Natural Religion History, endeavoring to make clear the maintenance of the pattern of dialectic contrariness in the counterpoint that Hume presents between polytheism and theism, as well as, the compatibility between Hume´s posture in the work History of Natural Religion and that of the exposer of skepticism and principal critic of the theological argument in the text of the Dialogues, that is, Philo. Besides, still in this part of the work, one endeavors to locate in the concept of the contingences the critical expression of Hume to the teleological reasoning of the experimental philosophy of his period , which intents to base itself in the postulate of the objective observational analysis, the physical necessity of the natural sphere, and of human acting. In the fourth chapter the intention is to analyse the double role played by the concept of contingence in Hume´s thinking . : fundamental element of his vision of an antifinalist cosmos and main support of his rupture with the current teleological thought in the traditional and modern reflections regarding the moral problems. Lingering on the analysis of the notion of value, particularly in the reflections about the philosophical problem of happiness, it intends to make clear the refusal of Hume to the religious and scientific teleological visions in their pretensions of standardizing the human behaviors, or ¨forms of life¨ in which it becomes evident, once again, the dialectical tone of his sceptical philosophy. Accompanying the dialectic argumentative structure present in the humean texts it endeavors to stress the difficulties that Hume´s dialectic-sceptic argumentative structure presents to natural religion and science in their normative and moralizing pretensions regarding the acting of individuals starting from the none in the least fortuitous abstraction of the singularity and diversity of the multiple forms of thinking , believing and living of every human being.
ASSUNTO(S)
positivismo positivism ceticismo teleologia teleology empiricism empirismo skepticism
