Destilado da desodorização do oleo de soja como suplemento de vitamina E / Soybean oil deodorizer distillate as a vitamin E supplement

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Increased use of industrial waste and byproducts fits the need of industry to comply with environmental rules. The substitution of natural products for artificial ingredients has gained worldwide attention in the food, pharmaceutical and other industries. These facts justify the study on the utilization of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate (SODD) as tocopherol supplements. Tocopherol, which is physiologically active as vitamin E and a major natural antioxidant, is an especially important player in human and animal nutrition. SODD is a byproduct of the soybean oil refining process that is also rich in free fatty acids (FFA), sterols and hydrocarbons. It has been demonstrated that the use of SODD for vitamin E extraction is not economically viable. However, SODD in the semi-refined form (neutral) can be an alternative for animal and possibly human diet enrichment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the SODD neutralizing process varying the type, concentration, and excess of alkali, as well as the process temperature and time for homogenization. After establishment of the optimal process conditions, a greater amount of SODD was neutralized for raw-material characterization and for supplementation of recently weaned Wistar rats. The rats were fed with AIN-93G diet depleted of vitamin E and distributed following the daily orogastric supplementation period: 0 (n=7), 30 (n=42) and 60 (n=42) days. The 30 and 60 days were divided by the treatment type (7 animals/group): Depleted (without supplementation), Soy (oil as placebo), Ephynal_ (synthetic vitamin E), SODD, SODD 25 and SODD 50 (150, 187.5, and 225 mg _-tocopherol/kg diet, respectively). The optimal conditions for the neutralizing process, i.e., in order to obtain the greatest reduction in free fatty acid content, the lowest leaching of tocopherols and the greatest yield, were defined experimentally. The results were: Na2CO3 (4.34N), temperature of 45.8ºC and homogenization time 3?20??. The FFA content was reduced from 53.4% to 6.1% after neutralization, requiring a second step of neutralization, thus obtaining a free fatty acid content of 1.8% and 11.0% of total tocopherol (TT). The biological evaluation showed normal results for growth and hematology and with 30 and 60 days of supplementation (30d and 60d) the treatments did not show statistically significant differences (p>0.05) for serum triglycerides (118.8 mg/dL - 30d; 85.6 mg/dL - 60d); serum cholesterol (69.8 mg/dL- 30d; 65.5 mg/dL - 60d); glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (73.1 U/L - 30d; 81.3 U/L - 60d), glutamic-pyruvate (23.6 U/L - 30d; 28.3 U/L - 60d); and bilirubins (0.2 mg/dL - 30d; 0.3 mg/dL - 60d). No hepatic and genotoxic damage was observed, since the micronucleus frequency was in the spontaneous mutation rate, i.e., admissible mutation frequency without organism damage. Significant differences were observed for hepatic and muscle lipids levels varying from 6.5 to 8.5% and 3.5 to 6.0%, respectively. Isoprostanes dosage was found to be an inadequate criteria to verify oxidation state. The malonaldehyde content (MDA) in the muscular tissue was not different between groups at 30d (1.6 µg MDA/g) and 60d (0.5 µg MDA/g) despite a slight reduction. For adipose tissue, there was no difference between the groups for 30d (1.9 µg MDA/g) and for 60d these values was increased, and were statistically different; with the exception of Depleted group, the others were not different (apparent average of 2.7 µg MDA/g). In the liver, at 30d there was a difference between groups (apparent average of 2.3 µg MDA/g) but at 60d there was an increase in MDA content, without statistical difference between treatments (3.1 µg MDA/g). The TT distribution of groups showed intermediary performance among the treatments, being 7.3 µg/mL and 6.7 µg/mL in serum; 10.1 µg/g and 12.4 µg/g in the liver; 19.5 µg/g and 29.4 µg/g in abdominal fat; and 16.2 µg/g and 21.3 µg/g in the muscle, for 30 and 60 days, respectively. A positive correlation between tocopherol content in the tissues and tocopherol consumption by animals was observed. The results show that SODD did not cause physiological damage in animals. Different sources of vitamin E, natural (present in SODD) and synthetic tocopherols, yielded similar effects, suggesting the potential of using SODD as a supplement

ASSUNTO(S)

toxidade suplementação rato como animal de laboratorio byproducts rat as laboratory animal supplementation oleo de soja tocopherols subprodutos soybean oil tocoferois toxicity

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