Desenvolvimento de imunossensores piezelétrico e eletroquímico para detecção de amostras de interesse agronômico e de saúde / Desenvolvimento de imunossensores piezelétrico e eletroquímico para detecção de amostras de interesse agronômico e de saúde / Development of piezoelectric and electrochemical immunosensors to detect samples of agronomic interest and public health / Development of piezoelectric and electrochemical immunosensors to detect samples of agronomic interest and public health

André Santiago Afonso

This work shows development of immunosensors for agronomic interest and public heath. The first was a piezoeletric immunosensor to detect a cysteine peptidase, a potencial biomarker for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri that cause a citrus Canker. Another was electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles as a label and magnetic beads as capture phase of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium LT2 (S). The piezoelectric immunoassay was based on immobilization of polyclonal antibody against CPXaC (anti-CPXaC), produced in rabbit, onto three different monolayers that modified gold quartz crystal, which were evaluated by monitoring frequency and energy dissipation in real time when 64.5×10-8 mol L-1 of CPXaC was added. The better relation between analytical response and energy dissipation was obtained with immobilization onto 11- mercaptoundecanoic acid which presented a detection limit of 13.0 nmol L-1 as well as good values for the kinetic and equilibrium binding constant. The immunosensor showed good specificity with no response for different proteins include another cysteine peptidase that is used as a target for detects Xylella fastidiosa bacterium responsible for other important disease in citrus. For detection of Salmonella using a magneto-immunoassay and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as label was developed based on the use of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) that incorporates a permanent magnet underneath. Salmonella spiked in milk samples (i.e. skimmed milk) have been tested by using anti-Salmonella magnetic beads (MBs-SAb) as capture phase and sandwiching afterwards with AuNPs modified antibodies (SAb-AuNPs). AuNPs detection using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) following a previous established procedure is performed. And a detection limit of 143 CFU mL-1 and a linear range of from 103 to 106 CFU mL-1 of Salmonella, with a coefficient of variation of about 2.4%, was obtained. Recoveries of the sensor by spiking skimmed milk with different quantities of Salmonella of about 83 and 94 % for xviii 1.5 x 103 and 1.5 x 105 CFU mL-1 were obtained, respectively. This work demonstrated the possibility to detect CPXaC with a piezoelectric immunosensor as well as electrochemical immunosensor to detect Salmonella spiked in milk samples.

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