CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE DISPOSITIVOS ELETRÔNICOS PARA DOSIMETRIA EM TOMOGRAFIA COMPUTADORIZADA. / CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES FOR DOSIMETRY IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY.

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

12/03/2012

RESUMO

Computed tomography (CT) is an examination of high diagnostic capability that delivers high doses of radiation compared with other diagnostic radiological examinations. The current CT dosimetry is mainly made by using a 100 mm long ionization chamber. However, it was verified that this extension, which is intended to collect all scattered radiation of the single slice dose profile in CT, is not enough. An alternative dosimetry has been suggested by translating smaller detectors. In this work, commercial electronics devices of small dimensions were characterized for CT dosimetry. The project can be divided in five parts: a) pre-selection of devices; b) electrical characterization of selected devices; c) dosimetric characterization in laboratory, using radiation qualities specific to CT, and in a tomograph; d) evaluation of the dose profile in CT scanner (free in air and in head and body dosimetric phantom); e) evaluation of the new MSAD detector in a tomograph. The selected devices were OP520 and OP521 phototransistors and BPW34FS photodiode. Before the dosimetric characterization, three configurations of detectors, with 4, 2 and 1 OP520 phototransistor working as a single detector, were evaluated and the configuration with only one device was the most adequate. Hence, the following tests, for all devices, were made using the configuration with only one device. The tests of dosimetric characterization in laboratory and in a tomograph were: energy dependence, response as a function of air kerma (laboratory) and CTDI100 (scanner), sensitivity variation and angular dependence. In both characterizations, the devices showed some energy dependence, indicating the need of correction factors depending on the beam energy; their response was linear with the air kerma and the CTDI100; the OP520 phototransistor showed the largest variation in sensitivity with the irradiation and the photodiode was the most stable; the angular dependence was significant in the laboratory and less expressive in tomography due to geometry of the X ray beams. Since the photodiode device was the most stable, the majority of the following tests, was made only with the BPW34FS. In the evaluation of the dose profile in CT, it was confirmed that the extension of 100 mm of the chamber pencil is not enough to collect all of the scattered radiation of the dose profile. Furthermore, it was shown that the detectors are able to obtain details of the dose profile and, thereby, estimate quantities in CT dosimetry. The new MSAD detector, which consists of a row of 31 BPW34FS photodiodes, presents an advantage in comparison to other detectors used to obtain the MSAD, through multiple slices, and the CTDI, through a single slice: the possibility of obtaining isolated (one slice) or adjacent (various slices) dose profiles in detail and in real time, and the possibility of calculating dosimetric quantities using an electronic system and computer programs, simplifying the dosimetry in CT.

ASSUNTO(S)

dosimetria tomografia dispositivos eletrônicos fisica dosimetry tomography eletronic devices

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