Análise comparativa in vivo da detecção de lesões de cárie oclusal e proximal por meio de exame visual (ICDAS), exame radiográfico e transiluminação por fibra ótica (FOTI) / In vivo comparative analysis of aproximal and occlusal caries lesions detection using visual examination (ICDAS), radiograph examination and fiber optic transillumination (FOTI)

Rodrigo Jan Arkader

The aim of this in vivo study was to assess the ICDAS visual method, combined ICDAS/fiber optic transillumination and bite wing radiographs. A total of 2,279 pits and fissures in upper incisors, pre-molars and molars permanent surfaces and 272 primary molars surfaces in 72 patients (aged 8 to 18 years-old) were assessed by an trained examiner. The seven scores for coronal primary caries detection criteria from ICDAS visual criteria were applied. Two fiber optic transillumination devices were assessed: FOTI Schott, SCH, tip diameter 0,5 mm and FOTI Microlux, MIC, portable device, tip diameter 3 mm. During the FOTI/ICDAS combined exam, the fiber optic was used to illuminate and also to transilluminate the surface that was being evaluated. The radiograph examination (RX) was done by bite-wings for posterior teeth and periapical for anterior teeth. Examinations were performed using dental chair after supervised toothbrushing. In the first exam day, the visual exam using ICDAS was done followed by ICDAS combined to MIC or SCH. After that the radiograph exam was done. After one week, the ICDAS was done again followed by the FOTI that was not used the week before. The exams were repeated in 10 patients after, at least, one week of interval to evaluate the intra-examiner reproducibility , presenting weighted kappa values 0.95 (ICDAS), 0.94 (MIC), 0.95 (SCH) and 0.99 (RX). In permanent pits and fissures surfaces, RX deemed a greater number of surfaces presenting dentin lesions (53) than the other methods (34 to 36). However no enamel lesion was detected which were identified by ICDAS (94),SCH (107) and MIC (91). For permanent approximal surfaces, the fiber optic transillumination identified a greater number of approximal surfaces as having enamel lesions - 150 (SCH) and 139(MIC) - than visual exam (106), while RX identified only 43. For primary occlusal surfaces, the four methods deemed a similar number of surfaces without lesion (52 to 59) or with dentin lesion (21 to 26), the same for approximal dentin lesion (31 to 36). However a reduced number of primary approximal lesions were deemed by the RX (3) compared to the other methods (15 to 16). Im primary dentition, the ICDAS and FOTI combined to visual exam deemed a great number of enamel approximal lesions compared to RX, where a similar number of dentin lesions were classified by the four methods in primary occlusal and approximal surfaces. In permanent pitts and fissures, for ICDAS and FOTI/ICDAS combined, presented similarity in surfaces deemed as having enamel lesions or dentin lesions, while the radiograph exam classified a great number as having dentin lesion and no enamel lesion. Adding fiber optic transillumination to visual exam increased in one third approximal lesions deemed in dentin by the ICDAS alone and made fourfold the number of those as classified by permanent radiograph evaluation.

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