A idéia e o ideal de sociedade bem-ordenada no liberalismo político de John Rawls

AUTOR(ES)

Roosevelt Arraes

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Convinced that there are solutions for the basic problems related to justice in the public modern culture, John Rawls, adopting a theoretical procedure, offers applicable principles for democratic societies. His intellectual project denies the pretension of truth and metaphysical or epistemological fundaments and thus intends to establish an abstract and reasonable point of view for ordering the values of equality and liberty and for the future accomplishment of the ideal of democratic perfection. To sort these questions, the philosopher makes use of conceptionsmodels, which include the procedure of the original position to publicly clarify and to justify those principles. The objective is to properly order the basic structure of society through principles that reasonable citizens voluntarily choose, recognize and honor, departing from the idea of society as well-ordered and as an equitable system of cooperation. Initially, this normative ideal was critically interpreted as if the citizens of this society did not share common ends. Aware of these objections, especially from the so-called communitarianists, in the nineteen-eighties Rawls initiates some reformulations and clarifications on conceptual aspects of his theory of justice as fairness that become consolidated in Political Liberalism. The revisions intensify the distinction between rational and reasonable, of overlapping consensus, of the conception of justice as restricted to the political domain, and introduce the ideas of the fact of reasonable pluralism. Along these lines the philosopher insists that the ideal of a well-ordered society is different from the ones pertaining associations or communities, as he aims at reaching a theoretical consensus (through overlapping) on the matter of values and political virtues of citizens, so that their practical affairs and conflicts are reduced to reasonable situations and they can attain not only their own well-being (individual, associative or communitarian), but also the benefit of justice, which allows them to share just institutions, able to reconcile them with their social world.

ASSUNTO(S)

ciência política - filosofia liberalismo justiça (filosofia) rawls, john, 1921- filosofia

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