20 anos de hepatite auto-imune no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo / 20-Year follow up of autoimmune hepatitis in Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease in which there is a progressive destruction of the hepatic parenchyma, leading to cirrhosis without treatment. Previous publications reported some regional and racial differences in clinical, laboratorial, histologic features and treatment response of this disease, probably related to genetic backgrounds and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, laboratorial and histologic features, pregnancy outcomes and treatment response of 268 patients with definite or probable diagnosis of AIH followed-up for 20y (median time - 6.2y). Women were more affected than men; gender ratio of 5.7:1. Median age at diagnosis was 29.1y. 28.4% had a concomitant autoimmune extra-hepatic disease, more frequently a thyroid disease. Clinical presentation was acute in 56% of patients. Before treatment, 81.4% had a definite diagnosis of AIH, 78.4% type 1, 7.1% type 2, 9% seronegative and 5.6% with antimitochondrial antibodies. 80.6% had initial histologic evaluation, 56% of them with liver cirrhosis. Initial treatment included azathioprine and prednisone in 70.9% of patients; 57.5% had side effects and 33% of them needed to change the medication regimen. The most frequent documented side effect was bone disease. 51.5% of patients entered biochemical remission but only 36.2% had a complete response in 5 years. In 22% of patients ursodeoxycholic acid was added to improve biochemical remission. Median doses of azathioprine and prednisone for histological remission were 84.3mg/day and 8.3mg/day respectively. Relapses after treatment withdrawal occurred in 58.7%, mostly in the first six months. Five-year survival was 91.4%, 9.7% of patients underwent liver transplantation and 26.9% had AIH recurrence in 4-year follow-up. The main cause of death was infection. We analyzed 54 pregnancies of 39 patients with AIH (71.8% type 1, 15.4% type 2 and 12.8% variant forms). Median age at pregnancy was 24 years, 68.4% of patients had liver cirrhosis. In 48.1% of pregnancies, patients were taking azathioprine and prednisone at conception and early pregnancy. In 48.1% of pregnancies 20mg/day prednisone was administered alone, after the diagnosis of gestation. The fetal loss rate was 29.4%, spontaneous abortions occurred in 24% and premature labors in 11.8%. There were 3.9% of congenital malformation and one ectopic pregnancy. Apparently there was no relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes and azathioprine use. In 4 pregnancies there were maternal complications, but no mortalities. In 55% of pregnancies there were elevation of aminotransferase levels, 31.4% had a relapse of AIH, only in the postpartum period. We concluded that AIH in Brazil occurred in a younger age, had more cirrhosis at presentation and medication doses for histologic remission were higher than those previously reported. Patients had lower rates of complete response and of relapse after drug withdrawal. Pregnancy is safe, but a close monitoring is important especially in the postpartum period. Azathioprine administration during pregnancy apparently had no toxic effects.

ASSUNTO(S)

recidiva hepatitis autoimmune autoimmune diseases doenças auto-imunes hepatite auto-imune brasil brazil recurrence

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